What is 1045 Steel?
AISI 1045 steel is high-quality medium-carbon steel with high strength. It also can be called JIS S45C and DIN C45 steel. It is usually used in normalized condition because of its bad hardenability. It needs to be quenching and tempering treatment to get higher mechanical performance. It is used to manufacture machine parts with high strength requirements. Such as gears, shafts, piston pins, and etc. 1045 Steel properties and heat treat as below.
C45 Steel Characteristics
- It is carbon steel and has great weldability and machinability.
- After normalized and hot rolled, it will get high strength and impact properties.
- It has low hardenability and critical hardenability diameter is 12-17mm in the water. And there has a tendency to crack when water quenching.
- The hydrogen welding and argon arc welding is good for it, but the gas welding is not. It is required to preheat before the welding, and stress relief annealing should be performed after welding.
C45 Steel Application
1045 steel is widely used for the industry application that required higher strength and wear resistance than low-carbon steel. And the typical applications are gears, shafts, rolls, crankshafts, sockets, bolts and etc.
1045 Steel Physical Properties
| Physical Properties | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.87 g/cc | 0.284 lb/in³ |
C45 Steel Mechanical Properties
| Mechanical Properties | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness, Brinell | 163 | 163 |
| Hardness, Knoop (Converted from Brinell hardness) | 184 | 184 |
| Hardness, Rockwell B (Converted from Brinell hardness) | 84 | 84 |
| Hardness, Vickers (Converted from Brinell hardness) | 170 | 170 |
| Tensile Strength, Ultimate | 565 MPa | 81900 psi |
| Tensile Strength, Yield | 310 MPa | 45000 psi |
| Elongation at Break (in 50 mm) | 16.0 % | 16.0 % |
| Reduction of Area | 40.0 % | 40.0 % |
| Modulus of Elasticity (Typical for steel) | 200 GPa | 29000 ksi |
| Bulk Modulus (Typical for steel) | 140 GPa | 20300 ksi |
| Poissons Ratio (Typical For Steel) | 0.290 | 0.290 |
| Shear Modulus (Typical for steel) | 80 GPa | 11600 ksi |
1045 Steel Grade Equivalent Chart
| Country | USA | Germany/UK/France | JAPAN | ISO |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | ASTM A29/A29M-05 | EN 10083/2-2006 | JIS G4051-2009 | ISO 683/18-1996 |
| Grades | 1045 | C45(1.0503) | S45C | C45E4 |
1045 Steel Chemical Composition
| STAND | C(%) | Mn(%) | P(%) | S(%) | Si(%) | Cr(%) | Mo(%) | Ni(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM A29/A29M-05 | 0.43-0.50 | 0.60-0.90 | Max 0.040 | Max 0.050 | Max 0.10 | - | - | - |
| EN 10083/2-2006 | 0.42-0.50 | 0.50-0.80 | Max 0.045 | Max 0.045 | Max 0.40 | Max 0.40 | Max 0.10 | Max 0.40 |
| JIS G4051-2009 | 0.42-0.48 | 0.60-0.90 | Max 0.030 | Max 0.035 | 0.15-0.35 | - | - | ≤0.20 |
| ISO 683/18-1996 | 0.42-0.50 | 0.50-0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | 0.10-0.40 | - | - | - |
1045 steel Heat Treatment
Forging
Heat to 850°C – 1250°C (1562°F – 2282°F)
Hold until the temperature is uniform
Cool in furnace
Annealing
Heat to 800°C – 850°C (1472°F – 1562°F)
Hold until the temperature is uniform
Cool in furnace.
C45 Steel Normalizing
Heat to 870°C – 920°C (1598°F-1688°F)
Hold until the temperature is uniform
Soak for 10 – 15 minutes
Cool in still air
Stress Relieving
Heat to 550°C – 660°C (1022°F – 1220°F)
Hold until the temperature is uniform
Soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section
Cool in still air
Hardening
Heat to 820°C – 850°C (1508°F – 1562°F)
Hold until the temperature is uniform
Soak for 10 – 15 minutes per 25mm of section
Quench in water or brine
Tempering
Re-heat to 400°C – 650°C (752°F – 1202°F ) as required
Hold until the temperature is uniform
Soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section
Cool in still air
C45 Steel Process Notes
- The hardness is between HRC20~HRC30 after quenching and tempering.
- After quenching, the hardness is between HRC55~58 and the limit value up to HRC62.
- In order to make the steel performance stable, it should be processed and placed for 15-20 days before the use. The highest hardness for practical application is HRC55 (high-frequency quenching HRC58).
- It is a high-quality carbon structural steel with low hardness. It is easy to cut, and it is used to make molds, guideposts, tips, templates and etc.
- Do not use the heat treatment process of carburized and quenched.
C45 Steel Quality Certificate
1045 Steel Supply Range
Round Bar
Specification: diameter: Max 800mm; length: Max 9m
Surface: Black/Peeled/Machined(turned)/Polished(grounded)
Sheet/Plate/Slab
Specification: thickness: Max 800mm; width: Max 2300mm; length: Max 9m
Surface: Black/Peeled/Machined/Polished(grounded,grinded,milled)
Notice
We have our own cutting and processing equipment. Specifications can be cut and customized according to your requirements.
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