What is D2 Steel?
D2 steel can be used to produce cold work mold steel with a large cross-section, complex shape, high impact force, and high wear resistance. It also is called DIN 1.2379 and JIS SKD11 steel.
1.2379 steel is a high-carbon and high-chromium cold work mold steel. It is widely used in the world. It has high hardenability and high wear resistance. Its high-temperature oxidation resistance is good. The anti-corrosion ability is good after quenching and polishing, and the deformation is small after the steel heat treatment. D2 tool steel composition and more information as below.
D2 Steel Application
1.2379 steel is used for blanking or forming dies, thread rolling dies, shear knives, food-processing knives, gauges, punches and etc.
1.2379 Steel Physical Properties
| PROPERTIES | METRIC | IMPERIAL |
|---|---|---|
| DENSITY | 7.7 * 1000kg/m³ | 0.278 lb/in³ |
| MELTING POINT | 1421℃ | 2590°F |
1.2379 Steel Mechanical Properties
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES | METRIC | IMPETIAL |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness, Knoop(converted from Rockwell C hardness) | 769 | 769 |
| Hardness, Rockwell C | 62 | 62 |
| Hardness, Vickers | 748 | 748 |
| Izod impact unnotched | 77.0 J | 56.8 ft-lb |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.27-0.30 | 0.27-0.30 |
| Elastic modulus | 190-210 GPa | 27557-30457 ksi |
D2 Steel Grade Equivalent Chart
| Country | USA | Germany/UK/France | JAPAN | ISO |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | ASTM A681-08 ALLOY TOOL STEEL | EN ISO 4957: 1999 TOOL STEEL | JIS G4404: 2006 ALLOY TOOL STEEL | ISO 4957: 1999 TOOL STEEL |
| Grades | D2 | X153CrMoV12 | SKD11 | X153CrMoV12 |
D2 Steel Chemical Composition and Equivalent Grades
| STAND | C(%) | Mn(%) | P(%) | S(%) | Si(%) | Cr(%) | V(%) | W(%) | Mo(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM A681-08 | 1.40-1.60 | 0.10-0.60 | ≤0.030 | ≤0.030 | 0.10-0.60 | 11.00-13.00 | 0.50-1.10 | - | 0.70-1.20 |
| JIS G4404: 2006 | 1.40-1.60 | ≤0.60 | ≤0.030 | ≤0.030 | 0.40 | 11.00-13.00 | 0.20-0.50 | - | - |
| EN ISO 4957:1999 | 1.45-1.60 | 0.20-0.60 | - | - | 0.10-0.60 | 11.00-13.00 | 0.70-1.00 | - | 0.70-1.00 |
| ISO 4957: 1999 | 1.45-1.60 | 0.20-0.60 | 0.10-0.60 | 11.00-13.00 | 0.70-1.00 | 0.70-1.00 |
D2 Steel Forging
Heating for forging of AISI D2 tool steel should be done slowly and uniformly. Soak through at 1850°-1950°F and reheat as often as necessary, stopping work when the temperature drops below 1700°F(926°C). After D2 mold steel forging, cool slowly in lime, mica, dry ashes or furnace. D2 steel should always be annealed after forging.
1.2379 Steel Heat Treatment
Heat Treatment
DIN 1.2379 steels alloy should be preheated very slowly to 815℃ (1500°F) and the temperature can be increased to 1010oC (1850°F). Then held at 1010oC (1850°F) for 20 to 45 minutes and air-cooled (air quenched).
Annealing
Annealing of 1.2379 tool steels material should be done at 871 to 898°C (1600 to 1650°F) followed by slow furnace cooling at 4.4°C (40°F) per hour or less, after which cooling rate could be increased. At the same time, must do something to prevent excessive carburization or decarburization.
Stress Relieving
Heat it slowly to 1050°-1250°F, allow to equalize, and then cool in still air(Strain Relieving)
Preheat Prior To Hardening
Preheat slowly to 1350°-1450°F and hold at this temperature until steel 1.2379 steel material is uniformly heated.
Hardening
After thorough preheating, heat to 1800°-1850°F. Hold it at the hardening temperature until it is completely and uniformly heated.
Quenching
DIN 1.2379 steel tool material is an air hardening steel and will develop hardness on cooling in still air. To avoid scaling and prevent decarburization on the surface, controlled atmosphere or vacuum furnaces are recommended. Parts should be allowed to cool to 150F, or to where they can be held in the bare hand, and then temper immediately.
Tempering
The tempering temperature on material 1.2379 steel may be varied according to the desired hardness. 1.2379 steels can be tempered at 204°C (400°F) for achieving Rockwell C hardness of 61 and at 537°C (1000°F) for a Rockwell C hardness of 54.
Compare
Chinese Cr12Mo1V1 steel, American D2 steel, Japanese SKD11 steel, the chemical composition of them is the same, but the performance is very different. After heat treatment, the color of Cr12Mo1V1 is a little orange-red, and the deformation would be large. It is easy to fracture during use. And the hardness of D2 steel is higher than SKD11 steel, but the toughness is not better than SKD11 steel. SKD11 steel is light and smooth, with the best overall performance.
D2 Steel Quality Certificate
1.2379 Steel Supply
Round Bar
Specification: Dia Max 800mm; Length: Max 6m
Surface: Black, Peeled, Machined(Turned), Polished(Grounded)
Sheet/Plate/Slab
Specification: Thickness: Max 800mm; Width: Max 810mm; Length: 6m
Surface: Black, Peeled, Machined, Polished(Ground, Grinded, Milled)
Notice
We have our own cutting and processing equipment. Specifications can be cut and customized according to your requirements.
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